Section C
The main activities are 1 and 2a. 本课活动重点是1和2a.
Ⅰ. Teaching aims and demands 教学目标
1. Learn some useful words and expressions:
disease, body, illness, empty, stomach, human, through, sour, tidy, sweep
2. Learn modals for giving advice and modals for necessity:
(1)We should keep the air clean and fresh.
(2)We shouldn’t drink sour milk.
(3)We must keep our streets clean.
3. Talk about personal hygiene:
(1)We should tidy our bedrooms and sweep the floors often.
(2)We must keep the air clean and fresh.
(3)We must wash our hands before meals.
Ⅱ. Teaching aids 教具
录音机/图片/多媒体课件
Ⅲ. Five-finger Teaching Plan 五指教学方案
Step 1 Review 第一步 复习 (时间:15分钟)
1. (让学生讨论哪些是好的生活习惯，哪些是不好的生活习惯，并将讨论的结果写下来。)
T:Let’s discuss what are healthy habits and what are unhealthy habits. Discuss with your partners, then write them down.
For example:
Healthy habits:
Drink at least eight cups of water every day.
Go to bed early and get up early.
Wash your hands before meals. |
(教师通过做动作写出这个句子。这个句子是本课重点句子。)
Unhealthy habits:
Throw litter about.
Keep long fingernails.
Get up late.
2. (教师将全班分成两组, 一组在黑板上写健康的生活习惯,另一组写不健康的生活习惯,写得多的小组获胜。)
T:Now, work in groups. We have two groups. One group writes healthy habits, the other group writes unhealthy habits. The group that writes more is the winner.
3. (要求学生根据前面写的校规来写一写班规，并将写好的班规贴在教室的墙上。)
T:There are many regulations in our school. Can you write some regulations for our class? We will choose the best one to put on the wall.
4.(出示一些健康和不健康的生活习惯图片，让学生根据图片口头造句，引导他们用上should/shouldn’t/must/must not。)
T:Look at these pictures, let’s talk about them.(导入本课目标语言。)
For example:
We should sweep the floors often. We shouldn’ t drink sour milk. We must wash our hands before meals. We must not eat bad food. |
(如果学生感觉有难度，老师可以给每一幅图写出关键词。)
5. (让学生讨论，如果想保持健康，他们应该做什么，不应该做什么，并将讨论结果写下来，引导他们用上本课目标语言。)
T:If you want to be healthy, what should/must we do? what shouldn’t/mustn’t we do? Now, let’s discuss.
For example:
We should exercise more.
We shouldn’t stay up late.
We must keep our bodies clean.
We must not get up late.
Step 2 Presentation 第二步 呈现 (时间:10分钟)
T: Please open your books on page 37.
1. (第一遍阅读，让学生查课后词汇表，自学生词:illness, enough, empty, stomach, 培养学生自学能力。)
T:Now, let’s read the passage: Headaches. You can look up the new words in your word list.
2. (第二遍阅读，教师在黑板上板书问题，让学生带着问题读，并找到问题的答案。)
T:Now read the passage and answer the questions on the blackboard.
(教师说完，立即板书题目。)
(1)What does it mean when you have a headache? (2)What may cause a headache? (3)What else may cause headaches? |
(几分钟后，一些学生举起手,教师核对答案。)
T:Oh, good, S1, please answer Question (1).
S1:...
T:Well done.
(由于这是一篇阅读课文，教师让学生带着问题读，有利于培养学生快速阅读并提取有效信息的能力。)
(第三遍阅读，要求学生查找关键词与词组。)
T:All of you have done a very good job. Well, let’s read the text again and try to find out the key words and phrases in this passage. I’ll help you. OK?
(学生查找完关键词与词组之后，要求他们讲述出来，教师核查并板书于黑板上，讲解部分生词与重难点。)
headaches—cause—not a disease—show—your body—wrong—a fever—an illness—work too hard—can’t get enough sleep—exercise on an empty stomach—see a doctor |
Step 3 Consolidation 第三步 巩固 (时间:5分钟)
1. (让学生看着关键词与词组，试着复述课文。)
T:I think you all understand the passage well, then try to retell the passage with your own words. You can look at the key words on the blackboard and help each other. I’ll give you two minutes to prepare.
(学生在积极准备中。)
2.(安排学生到前面讲述故事。)
T:Time is up. I want some students to retell the passage in front of class. Who would like to have a try?
(及时鼓励学生，增强学习信心。)
Step 4 Practice 第四步 练习 (时间:10分钟)
1. (图片展示细菌进入人体使人生病的几个途径，要求学生根据图片弄懂句意。)
T:Look at the pictures. These pictures show how germs make us sick. Read by yourselves.
2. (放2a录音，让学生跟读。)
T:Now listen to the tape and repeat.
(对学生有难度的句子可以多次重复。)
3. (教师安排几个表现欲比较强的学生上讲台模仿病菌使人生病的过程，要求生动有趣。)
T:Now we know how germs make us sick, I want some students to act out. Let’s find who is the best.
4. (让学生复述2a。)
T:Close your book, let’s retell how germs make us sick. You can use the words below to help yourself.
(教师板书关键词。)
small—get into the human body—cause diseases—nose—mouth—skin—sick |
5. (请学生总结出引起生病的几种途径。)
T:Let’s find out the ways of becoming sick.
(1) through the nose (2) through the mouth (3) through the skin |
(教师应在学生讨论之后总结并板书。)
6. (展示2b图片，请同学们根据图片说出相应的预防疾病的措施，先口头说，强调使用句型:We should/shouldn’t... We must/must not...)
T:Look at the picture, please talk about what should we do to fight germs? Make sure to use“We should/should not...” and “We must/must not...”
7. (教师与学生问答，强调学生使用本课目标语言。)
T:Look at the picture. Now, I ask, you answer .
You must use “We should/should not...” and “We must/must not...”
For example:
T:What should we do to fight germs?
S1:We should keep the air clean and fresh.
S2:We shouldn’t drink sour milk.
T:What must we do to fight germs?
S3:We must wash our hands before meals.
S4:We must keep our fingernails clean.
S5:We must keep our streets clean.
S6:We must not eat bad food.
8. (要求学生互相问答，形式可以多样，但不能看书，老师可适当帮助学生。)
T:Now work in pairs with your partner.
For example:
S7:What should we do to fight germs?
S8:We should...
S7:What shouldn’t we do to fight germs?
S8:We should not...
(一段时间之后，要求学生交换角色。)
S8:What must we do to fight germs?
S7:We must...
S8:What must not we do to fight germs?
S7:We must not...
9. (在口头练习的基础上，教师要求学生做笔记。)
T:Please write down what we should do to fight germs?
10. (要求学生互相讨论他们还应该在其他哪些方面来预防疾病，内容必须是课本未提及到的，先讨论后模仿2b里的句子写出来。)
T: Let’s discuss what else we should do to fight germs?
For example:
We should do morning exercises every day.
We should not play sports right after meals.
We must eat more fruit and vegetables.
We must not go to bed too late.
(教师可以将全班分成三组，看哪一组写得最多、最好。)
Step 5 Project 第五步 综合探究活动 (时间:5分钟)
1. (分组活动，四人一组讨论哪些是健康的生活习惯，哪些是不健康的生活习惯。)
T:Now group work:Four students a group. Let’s discuss: What are healthy habits? What are unhealthy habits?
For example:
We should go to bed early.
We must drink enough water every day.
We shouldn’t eat too much meat.
We must not play sports right after meals.
2. (在4人中选出一名作为报告者，将每组讨论结果，向全班同学汇报。)
T:Are you ready? Now each group chooses a speaker to give a report to the whole class.
3. (让学生根据1和2b来讨论怎样预防头痛，也可以结合日常生活的一些经验。)
T:Now let’s discuss what should we do to fight headaches?
For example:
We shouldn’t work too hard.
We must get enough sleep.
We must not exercise on an empty stomach.
4. (要求学生根据讨论结果完成表格。)
T:Are you ready? Now complete the chart below.
How to fight headaches
Should | Shouldn’t | Must | Must not |
|
|
|
|
5. Homework:
至少写五句话说明如何抵御病菌。
Section D
The main activities are 1a and 3. 本课重点活动是1a和3。
Ⅰ. Teaching aims and demands 教学目标
1.Learn some names of food and some other useful words:
eggplant sandwich watermelon sausage
tomato beef cabbage potato chips
strawberry than wealth
2. Go on learning what are healthy eating habits:
(1)Good health is more important than wealth.
(2)Food gives us energy.
(3)We must have enough food to keep us healthy.
(4)We must also have the right kinds of food.
(5)Different foods help us in different ways.
(6)It’ necessary for us to have healthy eating habits.
3. Improve the students listening, speaking, reading and writing skills.
4. Summarize the grammar focus and useful experssions in the topic.
Ⅱ. Teaching aids 教具
小黑板/图片(食物类)/卡片/录音机/录音带或多媒体课件
Ⅲ. Five-inger Teaching Plan 五指教学方案
Step 1 Review 第一步 复习 (时间:15分钟)
1.(由几组学生代表汇报上节课的活动内容，教师点评重点句型:You must.../You must not.../You should.../You shouldn’t... )
T:I’d like some students to give a report on the project finished in last period. You must use the important sentences:
You must .../ You must not...
You should.../ You shouldn’t...
S1:We must wash our hands before meals.
S2:We must not eat bad food.
S3:We should keep our bodies clean.
S4:We shouldn’t drink sour milk.
...
2.(教师提问，请学生回想前面讨论的有关头痛的话题 。)
T:Do you remember what may cause headaches? Now, close your books. I’d like some students to try to give the answers.
S5:You may get a headache when you work too hard.
S6:You may get a headache when you can’t get enough sleep.
S7:You may get a headache when you exercise on an empty stomach.
...
(学生回答完毕后，进入下一步。)
3.(分组活动，四人一组复习哪些是健康的生活习惯，哪些是不健康的生活习惯。)
T:Now group work: Four students work in one group. Talk about what are healthy habits and what are unhealthy habits.
For example:
—Is going to bed early good or bad for your health?
—It’s good.
—Is getting up late good or bad for your health?
—It’s bad.
4. (在4人中选出一名作为报告者，将每组讨论结果
向全班汇报。)
T:Each group chooses one student to write down the
result, and chooses a speaker to give a report to the
whole class.
For example:
We think that going to bed early is good for our health.
So we should go to bed early every day.
Playing sports right after meals is bad for our health.
So we shouldn’t play sports right after meals.
5. (教师由healthy habits引出healthy food。导出本课目标语言。)
T:What food do you think are healthy food?
(教师出示图片，请同学识图回答。)
T:What’s this?
What are these?
(教师将图片逐一贴在黑板上，并在下面板书:)
eggplant sandwich watermelon beef chicken fish apple sausage tomato cabbage potato chips strawberry orange |
(教师点拨生词:cabbage, potato chips, strawberry, sandwich, sausage, watermelon 认读并领读。)
(教师借助图片领读有关食物的名称之后，擦掉板书，让学生借助图片说出食物名称。)
T:What’s this?
What are these?
(经过一段时间练习之后，教师要求几个学生走上讲台，教师说出食物名称，让学生找到相应的图片。)
T:What is beef?
What are potato chips?
Step 2 Presentation 第二步 呈现 (时间:5分钟)
1.(教师设置并板书听力任务。)
T:Listen to the tape and answer the questions on the blackboard.
(1)What does food give us? (2)What should we eat more? (3)What should we eat less? (4)What can make us sick? |
2.(师生核对答案，对回答问题积极并且正确的学生及时鼓励。)
T:Let’s check the answers. If you are right, I’ll give you a candy.
Answers:
(1) Food gives us energy.
(2) We should eat more fruit and vegetables.
(3) We should eat less meat.
(4) If we eat too little or too much food, or if we choose the wrong food, it can make us sick.
3.(师生共同找关键词，并呈现在黑板上，为下一步巩固环节做准备。)
T:Now, please find out the key words, phrases or sentences.
food—energy—enough food—keep healthy—have the right kinds of food—eat more—eat less—wrong food—sick |
Step 3 Consolidation 第三步 巩固 (时间:10分钟)
1.(再听一遍录音，不看课文，只看黑板上的关键词，加深印象。)
T:Listen to the tape again. Don’t look at your books, but you can look at the key points on the blackboard.
2.(要求学生利用关键词来复述短文。)
T:Look at the key words, who can retell the text?
3.(再放一遍录音，请学生跟读课文，模仿语音语调。)
T:Listen to the tape again, follow and imitate the reading.
4. (要求学生合上课本，教师放录音1a，根据所听内容做短文填空。)
T:Close your books, complete the passage according to the listening.
As we know, good health is wealth. Food gives us , so we must have to keep us . Of course, we must also
Have food. We should eat and and less meat. A cup of and an a day can help us . Different foods help us in different ways. If we eat or food, or if we the wrong food, it can make us sick. to have healthy eating habits.
5.(打开课本，让学生自己检查答案。)
八年级教案第二单元Unit 2-Topic 2B
